• Kamal Mehta

Prolonged hyperglycemia and other conditions linked to diabetes mellitus such as hypertension leads to a chronic, progressive, potentially sight threatening disease of the retinal microvasculature that is globally recognized with the nomenclature of diabetic retinopathy. It is caused due to growth of new vessels in the eye leading to intraocular hemorrhage and retinal detachment with localized damage to the macula/fovea part of the eye resulting into loss of central visual acuity. Prevalence of Diabetic retinopathy is dependent on factors like longevity of diabetes mellitus in diabetic patients, blood pressure, lipid concentration, vascular endothelial growth factors and hereditary factors. Various ophthalmological techniques such as visual acuity test, pupil dilation technique, ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography can be employed for the detection of diabetic retinopathy. There are three major treatments available for it namely laser surgery, injection of corticosteroids such as triamcinolone or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents (anti-VEGF) into the eye and vitrectomy, which are very effective in reducing vision loss from this disease.

Retinopathy, Hyperglycemia, Macular edema, Anti-VEGF, Microvascular injury.

"A Review on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic Retinopathy", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 2, page no.708-711, February-2018, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1802121.pdf

"A Review on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic Retinopathy", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 2, page no. pp708-711, February-2018, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1802121.pdf