Abstract
India is on developing and requires well infrastructure. Infrastructure projects such as highways, railways, water reservoirs, reclamation etc. requires earth material in very large quantity. In urban areas, borrow earth is not easily available which has to be hauled from a long distance. Quite often, large areas are covered with highly plastic and expansive soil. But construction of buildings, roads, airfields and underground structures on hard stratum (rich in engineering properties) have no problem or damage from soil point of view and gives better life. If the soil is loose soil or expansive soil (poor in engineering properties) the structures will face severe damage due to the strains causes in them following alternate swelling & shrinkage. Expansive soils swell when wet & shrink when dry, causing major problems for foundations, roads, pipe lines, excavations. Variations in the moisture regime during monsoon and summer are the causes for this alternate swelling and shrinkage. Several innovative foundation techniques were suggested to overcome the problems associated with expansive soils. Belled pier, under-reamed pile, Boucell raft are some of the foundation practices adopted in these soils.
Extensive laboratory / field trials have been carried out by various researchers and have shown promising results for application of such expansive soil after stabilization with additives such as sand, silt, lime, fly ash, etc. As fly ash is freely available, for projects in the vicinity of a Thermal Power Plants, it can be used for stabilization of expansive soils for various uses. The present work describes a study carried out to check the improvements in the properties of expansive soil with fly ash in varying percentages. Laboratory tests like grain size analysis, plastic limit, liquid limit, specific gravity, optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, CBR of soil with 5%, 10%,15% and 20% of fly ash have been carried out and results shows that at the 15% adding of fly ash there is an improvement in compaction characteristics of CBR values.Now-a-days, the role of Rigid pavements are constructed is important in rural and urban areas for transporting. So we are designing and construction of rigid pavement by using M25 grade of concrete with relevant thickness for pedestesians and low traffic vehicles. A rigid pavement is constructed from cement concrete or reinforced concrete slabs. Grouted concrete roads are in the category of semi-rigid pavements.