Abstract
Natural fibre-reinforced polymer composite materials are rapidly gaining popularity due to their industrial applications and fundamental research as they are renewable, low, completely or partially recyclable and biodegradable. To produce cost-effective polymer reinforced composites and to reduce the destruction of ecosystem, green composites using natural fibres which are partially biodegradable, for which plants such as flax, cotton, hemp, jute, sisal, kenaf, pineapple, banana, wood etc., used from time immemorial as a rich source of lignocellulosic fibres, are more often applied as the reinforcement of composites. The increasing demand for greener and biodegradable materials leading to the satisfaction of society requires a compelling towards the advancement of nano-materials science. Nanocomposite shows considerable applications in different fields because of larger surface area, and greater aspect ratio, with fascinating properties over green composites. Hybrid bio-based composites that exploit the synergy between natural fibres in a nano-reinforced bio-based polymer can lead to improved properties along with maintaining environmental appeal. Applications of composites/nanocomposites offer new technology and business opportunities for several sectors, such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, biotechnology, building and construction industries (ceiling panelling, partition boards), packaging and consumer products, etc., industries. This review article presents information about diverse classes of green natural fibres, nanofiller, cellulosic fibre-based composite, nanocomposite, and natural fibre/nanofiller-based hybrid composite with specific concern to their applications. It will also provide summary of the emerging new aspects of nanotechnology for the development of hybrid composites for the sustainable and greener environment.