• DR. RAJ KUMAR

fucU/klkj@lkjka'k& tSu lkfgR; ds v/;;u ls irk pyrk gS fd 'kwnzksa dh n'kk bZlk iwoZ NBh 'krkCnh ds ckn csgrj gksrh pyh x;hA _XoSfnd dky esas rhu oxZ ls mRrjoSfnd dky esa pkj o.kZ dk mn; gqvkA ;g o.kZ O;oLFkk xq.k deZ ij vk/kkfjr FkkA deZ gh o.kZ ds igpku FksA deZ cksyrs rks o.kZ tku ysrs FksA mRrjoSfnd dky esa lcls vf/kd vkcknh 'kwnz o.kZ dh FkhA ijEijk ls ekU; ;g ;K iq#"k ds iSj ls mRiUu gqvk] ysfdu okLrfodrk gS fd ;g vk;Z vkSj vk;Z fHkUu nksukssa ds esy ls 'kwnz o.kZ vk;kA vk;Z esa ;g lkekU; fo'k oxZ ls mRiUu ekuk x;kA lkekftd vuqØe esa bldk LFkku vfUre jgkA blds deZ Fks f'kYi] i'kqikyu] d`f"k&Je vkfnA ;g ,dek= fo'ks"kkf/kdkj eqDr o.kZ jgkA ;g o.kZ&O;oLFkk xq.k&deZ ij vk/kkfjr gksus ds dkj.k pkjksa o.kZ esa csgrj esy&feyki FkkA oSfndksRrj dky esa o.kZ&O;oLFkk dks tUe vk/kkfjr djus dh dksf'k'k izkjEHk gqbZ] blls 'kwnz dks Hkkjh ukjktxh gqbZA bl nkSj esa 'kwnz ds rhu izdkj ekus x;s& f'kYih 'kwnz] dEHkdkj 'kwnz vkSj nkl&Hk`R; 'kwnzA ,sls 'kwnz tks mRiknu dk;Z ls lh/ks tqM+s gq, Fks f'kYih 'kwnz dgyk;sA budh vkfFkZd fLFkfr vPNh FkhA ,sls 'kwnz tks fdjk;s ij Jfed :i esa dk;Z djrs Fks dEHkdkj ;k HkkVd 'kwnz dgyk;sA budh vkfFkZd fLFkfr lkekU; FkhA ,sls 'kwnz tks f}t lsok ls tqM+s Fks] tks ?kjsyw nkl ;k ukSdj Fks nkl&Hk`R; 'kwnz dgyk;sA budh vkfFkZd fLFkfr [kjkc FkhA dgus dk vFkZ ;g gS fd 'kwnz esa vkfFkZd fLFkfr dqN ds vPNs] dqN ds [kjkc Fks] ysfdu lkekftd fLFkfr lcdh [kjkc crk;h x;hA ;gh otg gS fd 'kwnz lEiw.kZr;k czkã.koknh O;oLFkk ls iw.kZ ukjkt jgsA lkekftd Lrj ij 'kwnz dk iqu% oxhZdj.k dj fn;k x;k& vfujoflr 'kwnz vkSj fujoflr 'kwnz esaA vfujoflr 'kwnz os 'kwnz gSa tks NqvkNwr ekU;rk ls ijs gSa] ;kfu ftudh lEidZ esa vkus ls mPp o.kZ dh 'kqn`rk ugha izHkkfor gksrh gSA blfy, leLr f'kYih 'kwnz vkSj dEHkdkj 'kwnz dks vfujoflr dgk x;kA fujoflr 'kwnz os 'kwnz gSa tks vNwr vkSj vLi`'; crk;k x;kA buds }kjk fn;s x;s nku&nf{k.kk vkSj Hkkstu dks czkã.k ugha xzg.k dj ldrk Fkk ;kfu igyh ckj vLi`';rk lEcU/kh fopkj dk vkxeu gqvkA blfy, Hkyk 'kwnz dSls [kw'k jg ldrs Fks blfy, bl nkSj esa 'kwnz esa Hkkjh ukjktxh gSA

'kwnz] vLi`';rk] oSfndksRrj dky] f'kYih 'kwnz] dEHkdkj 'kwnz] nkl&Hk`R; 'kwnz] fujoflr 'kwnz] vfujoflr 'kwnzA

"JAINGARANTHON MEIN SHUDRA KI SAMAJIK AVM AARTHIC DASHA: EK SAMAGR ADHAYAN", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.7, Issue 10, page no.464-474, October-2020, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2010054.pdf

"JAINGARANTHON MEIN SHUDRA KI SAMAJIK AVM AARTHIC DASHA: EK SAMAGR ADHAYAN", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.7, Issue 10, page no. pp464-474, October-2020, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2010054.pdf