• Naresh Chand

Waste management is the mainstay of hospital cleanliness, its hygiene and maintenance activities. Biomedical waste is extremely hazardous type of waste which poses serious health hazards. To meet the needs of expanding population, the last century witnessed rapid mushrooming of healthcare establishments in both government and in private sector. The present hospitals generate healthcare wastes in substantial amount. The absence of proper waste management, lack of awareness about the associated health hazards, human resources, insufficient financial and poor control of waste disposal are the main contentious issues connected with health care waste. Inadequate, inappropriate and improper waste management leads to foul odor, environmental pollution, multiplication of disease carrying organisms like insects, rodents and worms and hence the transmission of diseases like typhoid, cholera, hepatitis A, B, C and AIDS through contact with infected waste and in particular through accidental injuries from used sharps. Owing to unsafe healthcare practices, half a million people all over the world die every year due to infections like hepatitis B, and C, HIV and hepatic cellular carcinoma. Apart from these health risks, inappropriate management of healthcare wastes also has a negative impact on environment by adding toxic pollutants to water, air and soil. This environmental pollution can potentially damage our flora, fauna and the ecosystem. As per WHO statement 85% of hospital wastes are non hazardous while 10-15% is infectious.

BMW

"A study to evaluate the effectiveness of an orientation programmed on knowledge and practice regarding BMW management among nurses working in selected tertiary level hospitals of Agra district, U.P.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.7, Issue 12, page no.222-236, December-2020, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2012034.pdf

"A study to evaluate the effectiveness of an orientation programmed on knowledge and practice regarding BMW management among nurses working in selected tertiary level hospitals of Agra district, U.P.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.7, Issue 12, page no. pp222-236, December-2020, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2012034.pdf