• LAKSHMAN M R
• MANOJ A B
• MANOJ
• MADHU B P

The foundation of surgical robotics is in the development of the robotic arm. This is a thorough review of the literature on the nature and development of this device with an emphasis on surgical applications. We have reviewed the published literature and classified robotic arms by their application: show, industrial application, medical application, etc. There is a definite trend in the manufacture of robotic arms toward more dextrous devices, more degrees of freedom, and capabilities beyond the human arm. da Vinci designed the first sophisticated robotic arm in 1495 with four degrees of freedom and an analog onboard controller supplying power and programmability. von Kemplen’s chess-playing automaton left arm was quite sophisticated. Unimate introduced the first industrial robotic arm in 1961, it has subsequently evolved into the PUMA arm. In 1963 the Rancho arm was designed; Minsky’s Tentacle arm appeared in 1968, Scheinman’s Stanford arm in 1969, and MIT’s Silver arm in 1974. Aird became the first cyborg human with a robotic arm in 1993. In 2000 Miguel Nicolalis redefined possible man–machineBP capacity in his work on cerebral implantation in owl-monkeys directly interfacing with robotic arms both locally and at a distance. The robotic arm is the end-effector of robotic systems and currently is the hallmark feature of the da Vinci Surgical System making its entrance into a surgical application. But, despite the potential advantages of this computer-controlled master–slave, a Z-AXIS System, robotic arms have definite limitations. Ongoing work in robotics has many potential solutions to the drawbacks of current robotic surgical systems.

Design and Development of Tree Plantation Machine Using Robotic Arm for Agriculture Purpose

"Design and Development of Tree Plantation Machine Using Robotic Arm for Agriculture Purpose", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.8, Issue 9, page no.a500-a506, September-2021, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2109070.pdf

"Design and Development of Tree Plantation Machine Using Robotic Arm for Agriculture Purpose", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.8, Issue 9, page no. ppa500-a506, September-2021, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2109070.pdf