• Aanandha Shyni J
• Dharani A
• Fahmitha Afsin K
• Renuga K
• Arun P

This study tries to define Type 1 diabetes i.e. a chronic, immune-mediated disease caused by the destruction of the insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. It is seen that various environmental factors can lead to diabetes, furthermore it is also seen that it can be a genetic issue. It is seen that in this disease beta cells in the pancreas starts dying exponentially in terms of various cell death route such as apoptosis necrosis, and apopto necrotic cycle which leads to inflammatory cytokine secretions and along with immune response which furthermore destroy b-cells leading to acute loss of insulin in bloodstream furthermore making the patient hyperglycemic. For a large proportion of the genetic risk associated with type 1 diabetes is associated to genetic variation in the HLA region. HLA DR4-DQ8 and HLA DR3-DQ2 are the HLA haplotypes conferring the highest risk in type 1 patients and for the heterozygote formed by these two haplotypes compared to either of the homozygotes. The risk of acquiring diabetes as a disease is increasing phenomenally in the world and To combat the effect of type 1 diabetes in patients immediate need for exogenous insulin replacement is a hallmark remedy, for which lifetime treatment is required but, is not a solution of the underlining problem. So here in our review, we tried to explain some of the challenges and drawbacks of conventional treatment of diabetes and some modern trends in nanomaterial functional attributes which can be clubbed together for a better antidiabetic activity.

Type I Diabetes, Insulin, Autoimmune, Nanoparticles, Antidiabetic, Nanomedicine.

"Comparative evaluation of trends and challenges faced by conventional and nanomaterial-based remedies for the treatment of type 1 diabetes", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 2, page no.a410-a421, February-2022, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2202053.pdf

"Comparative evaluation of trends and challenges faced by conventional and nanomaterial-based remedies for the treatment of type 1 diabetes", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 2, page no. ppa410-a421, February-2022, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2202053.pdf