• RAJESH KUMAR MISHRA
• Dr. AMAR PRAKASH GARG
• Dr. TUNG VIR SINGH ARYA

Co-infection of TB and HIV fastens the development of latent tuberculosis into active tuberculosis by compromising the immune system. Antiretroviral therapy is an effective therapy in reducing the count of virus and increasing CD4+ T-lymphocyte count in individuals infected with HIV. Although therapeutics of HIV antiretroviral therapy (ARV) and anti TB therapy together leads to drug toxicities and initiation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). At a higher-level of the infection, individuals on cART (combined antiretroviral therapy) undergoes to an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), due to uncontrolled inflammatory feedback to opportunistic microbes after the beginning of cART. Specific HIV inducing cytokines for example IL -1, IL-6, TNF and Vitamin D deficiency has been linked with the progression of the HIV/TB infection. Vitamin D recognized as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory molecule. Supplementation of Vitamin D can suppress the HIV replication, induces HIV –repressed cytokines, increases CD4+ T cell count and provides resistance to tuberculosis through mycobactericidal activity. The mechanism of action between Vitamin D and cytokines needs more attention and research. In this review, we have summarized the role of cytokines and vitamins individually and interplay of cytokines and vitamin D role in the HIV/TB co-infection.

IL -1, IL-6, TNF, Vitamin D, HIV/TB infection, Cytokines.

"Role of Cytokines and Vitamin D in HIV and HIV/TB Disease", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 7, page no.b619-b634, July-2022, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2207174.pdf

"Role of Cytokines and Vitamin D in HIV and HIV/TB Disease", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 7, page no. ppb619-b634, July-2022, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2207174.pdf