• Dr. Mallikarjun Kote

X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF LIGANDS AND ITS METAL COMPLESES Dr. Mallikarjun Kote* Department of Chemistry, B. V. Bhoomaraddi College of Arts, Science and Commerce Bidar-Karnataka Corresponding author* Email:kotemallu.2011@rediffmail.com ABSTRAC X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is a technique used to analyze the crystal structure of materials by measuring the diffraction pattern of X-rays scattered from a powdered sample, providing information about phase identification, purity, and crystallite size. XRD is a non-destructive analytical method that uses X-rays to study the arrangement of atoms within a crystalline material. A powdered sample is bombarded with X-rays. The X-rays interact with the atoms in the sample, causing them to scatter. The scattered X-rays produce a diffraction pattern, which is a series of peaks and valleys. The pattern is analyzed to determine the crystal structure of the material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is primarily used to identify the phases and crystal structure of materials, as well as to analyze their properties like grain size, defects, and strain. X-ray powder diffraction is most widely used for the identification of unknown crystalline materials (e.g. minerals, inorganic compounds). Determination of unknown solids is critical to studies in geology, environmental science, material science, engineering and biology. X-ray powder diffraction pattern for Cu(II) complex has characterized with a view to find the type of crystal system the XRD data given the table the diffractogram of Cu(II) complex consists of seven, ten and ten reflections in the range of 10 – 22, (2θ value) with maxima at 2θ =15.94 0A, 10.780A and 10.59 0A of Cu(II) complex of ligands L1, L2 and L3. The inter planar spacing (d) has been calculated from the position of intense peaks using Bragg’s equation nλ=2dsinθ, λ = 1.5406 0A. Keynotes: Bragg’s equation nλ=2dsinθ, λ = 1.5406 0A. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bragg’s equation nλ=2dsinθ, λ = 1.5406 0A.

"X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF LIGANDS AND ITS METAL COMPLESES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no.b349-b356, November-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511143.pdf

"X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF LIGANDS AND ITS METAL COMPLESES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no. ppb349-b356, November-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511143.pdf