• KRITENDRA SINGH
• MR. NITIN GOEL

The main support of the reliable internet communication is the Transmission Control Protocol(TCP), though its traditional versions cannot be utilized successfully in the non-homogeneous settings as the nest-generation wireless and satellite networks. Random losses are introduced by wireless links and fading and handovers that have been confused with congestion and are natively adverse in satellite networks with both high propagation delays and high bandwidth-delay products. The designed variants such as Reno, Cubic, and Hybla can be optimized depending on a certain condition and offer weak performance in different situations. The present paper introduces the architecture of adaptive TCP server that incorporates a delay- and loss-sensitive congestion control , better-error identification, and non-failure feedback. The protocol is dynamic in its operation to maintain throughput operations in satellite networks and resilience in the lossy wireless environment through the dynamic adjustment of the congestion window. NS-3 simulation evaluation reveals high improvement on throughput, equitable and fairness as well as link utilization against current TCP variants and suitability in hybrid next-generation communication systems.

Adaptive TCP, Wireless networks, Satellite communication, congestion control, Error recovery, Hybrid networks.

"DESIGN OF ADAPTIVE TCP VARIANTS FOR NEXT-GENERATION WIRELESS AND SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no.e823-e844, November-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511505.pdf

"DESIGN OF ADAPTIVE TCP VARIANTS FOR NEXT-GENERATION WIRELESS AND SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no. ppe823-e844, November-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511505.pdf