• CHANDRAMANI KUMAR
• Dr. MRS. HIMANSHU

Long-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are a group of plasmid-mediated, diverse and rapidly developing enzymes that present a major therapeutic challenge for hospitalized and community patients today. ESBL infections range from uncomplicated infections in the urinary tract to life-threatening sepsis. Derived from the older TEM, the patient from whom the strain was isolated in India. The β-lactamases of these enzymes have the ability, and are still inhibited by clavulanic acid, to hydrolyze cephalosporins and aztreonam of the third generation. Moreover, ESBL organisms are co-resistant to many other classes of antibiotics, thereby restricting therapeutic choices. Their detection is also a major challenge, because of the inoculums and their substrate specificity. However, currently, the detection guidelines for ESBLs in the Klebsiella pneumonia, K. oxytoca, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis are provided by organization such as the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (formerly the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards). In conjunction with all methods of ESBL-detection, the general principle is that the presence of clavulanic acid will increase the activity of the extended-spectrum cephalosporins against organisms producing ESBL. Carbapenems are the preferred treatment for severe inflammation due to organisms that make ESBL, but newly reported carbapenem isolates. The ability of gram-negative bacteria to develop new mechanisms of antibiotic resistance against the introduction of new antimicrobial agents is an impressive example for ESBLs. Efficient infection control practices are therefore needed to contain outbridges, and intervention policies, such as antibiotic rotation, are needed to reduce the further selection and spread of these pathogens that are increasingly resistant.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases, Gram negative bacteria (GNB) and Antimicrobial resistance

"A STUDY OF ß-LACTAMASES IN CEFTAZIDIME AND ITS EFFECT IN E.COLI & KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE ISOLATES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 3, page no.391-400, March-2018, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1803334.pdf

"A STUDY OF ß-LACTAMASES IN CEFTAZIDIME AND ITS EFFECT IN E.COLI & KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE ISOLATES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 3, page no. pp391-400, March-2018, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1803334.pdf