• Dr. Reena Tandon

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the nature of dark forces and extend their effects to analyses the various cosmological phase transitions that occurred whose evidence can be found in the chronology of the Universe, along with the observational evidence and study the Big Bang Cosmological Models which signifies the existence of Dark Energy and Dark Matter, in addition to various scalar field models such as cosmological inflation, quintessence, and other elements. We study the present-case scenario about the evolution of the Universe with respect to the Friedmann Equations, governing the expansion of space in homogeneous and isotropic models of the Universe within the context of general relativity.

Key words: Scale Factor, Einstein’s Cosmological Constant, Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, Lambda-CDM Model, and De-Sitter Universe.

"Certain hypothesis related to the Nature of Dark Energy and Dark Matter in Cosmological Phase Transitions on the Evolution of the Universe", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 2, page no.73-81, February-2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIREM06013.pdf

"Certain hypothesis related to the Nature of Dark Energy and Dark Matter in Cosmological Phase Transitions on the Evolution of the Universe", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 2, page no. pp73-81, February-2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIREM06013.pdf