Abstract
"In the usage of literary historians, however, Symbolist Movement designates, specially a group of French writers beginning with Charles Baudelaire (Fleurs du mal, 1857) and including such later poets as Arthur Rimbaund, Paul Verlaine, Stephane Mallarme, and Paul Valery. Baudelaire based the symbolic mode of his poems in part on the example of the American Edgar Allan Poe, but especially on the ancient belief in correspondences-the doctrine that there exist inherent and systematic analogies between the human mind and the outer world, and also between the natural and the spiritual worlds. As Baudelaire put this doctrine: "Everything, form, movement, number, color, perfume, in the spiritual as in the natural world, is significative, reciprocal, converse, correspondent." The techniques of the French Symbolists, who exploited an order of private symbols in poetry of rich suggestiveness rather than explicit signification, had an immense influence throughout Europe, and (especially in the 1890s and Arthur Symons and Ernest Dowson as well as W.B. Yeats, Ezra Pound, Dylan Thomas, Hart Crane, Dominic Cummings and Wallace Stevens. "
Here we are concerned with D.H. Lawrence's use of symbols in his novels namely The Rainbow and Women in Love. In these two novels Lawrence created a new kind of novel and a new way of treating human personality with the help of symbols. Lawrence uses a lot of symbols in these two novels to present his leading ideas such as arch, rainbow, cathedral, symbolic characters, ritual scenes, Gerald's destructive nature, his will for chaos, his handling of his mare, Gudrun's encounter with the bullocks, the struggle with the rabbit, aggression against the life force, the river of life, and the river of dissolution and corruption, stoning of the moon image, the African statuette, the wrestling bout, and the London Bohemia.
The modern novelist often merely gives the materials and lets his symbols and other devices suggest whatever the reader can make of them. Furthermore, his symbols themselves will not always be clear-they may be in many different forms: short incidents, casual images, broken conversations, minor characters, peripheral scenes. And as the novelist gains in imaginative power and maturity, he refines his symbols and makes their importance more subtly provoking. For the novelist realizes that as new areas of knowledge open up, new symbols are deeded for expression; so the reader must be on close guard or a major theme or motif may be lost; and in novels like Nostromo, A portrait. Ulysses, Point Counter Point, and A Passage to India, which proceed by motifs and recurrent themes, one loses entire sequences if he is not completely alert to what the novelist is doing.