Abstract
People all over the world are in grave danger as a result of unfavorable changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of air, water, and soil. Water is highly polluted with various harmful contaminants as a result of increased human population, industrialization, fertilizer use, and man-made activities. Natural water pollution occurs as a result of rock weathering, soil leaching, mining processing, and other factors. The quality of drinking water must be checked on a regular basis because the human population suffers from a variety of water-borne diseases as a result of the use of contaminated drinking water. The availability of high-quality water is critical for disease prevention and quality of life improvement. It is necessary to understand the various physico-chemical parameters used for testing water quality, such as colour, temperature, acidity, hardness, pH, sulphate, chloride, DO, BOD, COD, and alkalinity. Heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Fe, Hg, and others are of particular concern because they cause acute or chronic poisoning in aquatic animals. For the exploratory parameter study, some water analysis reports with physico-chemical parameters were provided. Guidelines for comparing the value of a real water sample have also been provided for various physico-chemical parameters.