• L. Partha Praveen
• Chinthayyanaidu Rudram
• P. Dinesh Sankar Reddy

Fluoride contamination in groundwater and surface water due to geological and anthropogenic causes is a major problem in many parts of the world. Fluoride is an important trace element in human, animal and plants, its excess concentration may cause some adverse effects in terms of health in human and animals and in terms of productivity in plant species. Hence there is an eminent amount of research is dedicated on fluoride removal from ground water and waste water. Many methods are in use for the fluoride removal such as precipitation/coagulation, ion-exchange, membrane processes, reverse osmosis, adsorption, etc. Each of these processes has its own advantages and disadvantages but it is proven that adsorption is the best method available in terms of both economy and efficiency. In this review, fluoride effects on human, animals and plants are presented. The adsorption capacities of many types of adsorbents for fluoride removal under different operating conditions such as pH, contact time, initial fluoride concentration, temperature, surface charge, etc. were discussed. A considerable amount of this paper discusses about various natural and low-cost adsorbents available in nature, their possible potential in removing the fluoride and their adsorption mechanisms for fluoride removalFluoride contamination, Defluoridation, Natural Adsorbents, Adsorption

"Review on the Effect of Fluoride Contamination and Methods for Fluoride Removal With an emphasis on adsorption using low cost adsorbents", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 6, page no.470-483, June-2018, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1806189.pdf

"Review on the Effect of Fluoride Contamination and Methods for Fluoride Removal With an emphasis on adsorption using low cost adsorbents", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 6, page no. pp470-483, June-2018, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1806189.pdf