• Sisir Rajak

Abstract: The term biotechnology is derived from a fusion of biology and technology. True to its name, it concerns with the exploitation of biological agents or their components for generating useful products or services. The origin of biotechnology arose in ancient age. The areas of biotechnology and its scope of application will continue to broaden as science advances. This paper aimed at evaluating the origin of biotechnology from zymotechnology. Different stages of biotechnology like ancient biotechnology, classical biotechnology, modern biotechnology and their scope and application. The history of biotechnology as an industry begins in the early 19th century. Thousands of years back biotechnology was used by humankind in agriculture, food production and pharmaceuticals. Modern biotechnology came after the discovery of genetic material and its structure. After that modern biotechnology advanced very rapidly. The recent development in biotechnology have led to rapid progress in understanding the genetic basis of living organisms, and the ability to develop products and processes useful to human and animal health, food and agriculture, and industry. In agriculture, there is increasing use of biotechnology for genetic mapping and marker-assisted selection to aid more precise and rapid development of new strains by genetic engineering of improved crops and livestock. Biotechnology applications such as tissue culture and micro-propagation are being used for the rapid multiplication of disease-free planting materials.

Index Terms: Biotechnology, Zymotechnology, Agriculture, Pharmaceutical, Genetic engineering, Livestock.

"Review On Different Stages Of Biotechnology And Its Application", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 9, page no.1044-1051, September-2018, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1809948.pdf

"Review On Different Stages Of Biotechnology And Its Application", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 9, page no. pp1044-1051, September-2018, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1809948.pdf