• Ashia

Do humans act morally because they follow socially established laws and norms because of a routine of instilled behaviours, or because they embody a fear of sanction or both? In contrast, do people behave morally because they chose to do so due to a logical judgment, a transformative endeavour, or both? In other words, do they adhere to Kantian obligation ethics or Aristotelian virtue ethics? This problem has now evolved from a philosophical to an anthropological discussion. An 'ethical dilemma' challenges both ethical theories and applied ethics. When a person has to choose between two possible outcomes, no overarching moral standard can assist him in determining which choice is to be favoured. For instance, he must perform some duty for A and is obligated to do the same for B, but he cannot do both. The ethical theory addresses how multiple; seemingly, contradictory moral standards may lead our actions by distinguishing between prima facie duties and all things being equal obligations. The advancement of new technologies and advanced procedures creates ethical dilemmas, notably in the realm of biotechnology. This paper analyses and discusses the evolutions that gave birth to the late twentieth-century critical turn – or return – to ethics in literature. After the Aesthetes and Modernists abandoned the moral rules essential in Victorian fiction, literary morals went out of fashion in the first years of the 20th century. The victorian works had reclaimed a prominent position in the literature by the late 1970s, but it wasn't until deconstruction started to fade that literary criticism and theory openly accepted the ethical, embracing a reader-centred approach. This paper highlights the early proponents of the turn, including Satya P. Mohanty, Martha Nussbaum, and Emmanuel Levinas. (Dennisoff and Schaffer 226) There is a continual conflict in ethics among societal framed methods and approaches that adhere to principles. According to rule-based ethical theories, moral codes of conduct must be followed regardless of the consequences, such as fulfilling a commitment, upholding justice, or obeying a word of God or the authority. Ethical philosophies based on the principles are founded on the concept of utility (utilitarianism) or benevolence, which holds that the actual moral norm is the universal satisfaction of all individuals involved or the most considerable net equilibrium of good over evil.

The Impact of Ethical Turn on Objectivity and Ethics

"The Impact of Ethical Turn on Objectivity and Ethics", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 11, page no.143-153, November-2018, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1811C69.pdf

"The Impact of Ethical Turn on Objectivity and Ethics", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 11, page no. pp143-153, November-2018, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1811C69.pdf