• A.Josephin Arockia Dhivya
• R.Chandrasekaran
• R.J.Hemalatha
• T.R.Thamizhvani

The idea of using a blood substitute instead of human blood for transfusing patients is not new. In the 17th century, Sir Christopher Wren suggested that ale, wine, and even opium could be used as substitutes for human blood. It was not until 1901 that the modern age of blood transfusion began with the discovery of human blood group antigens by Karl Landsteiner. He categorized human blood into A, B, and C (later renamed O) groups, and a year later the AB group was added to the list. These studies were critical to understanding why blood transfusions had failed thus far. Ottenberg in 1913 was the first to apply blood group serology to transfusion practice. Even with Ottenberg’s description of blood compatibility testing, blood transfusions were severely limited because of a lack of suitable anticoagulants and storage methods. The First and Second World Wars precipitated progress on these two fronts, at last allowing blood transfusion to become a standard part of medical treatment. there are several reasons for developing blood substitutes. Human red blood cells have exacting storage requirements designed to prolong clinical effectiveness and to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. This substantially limits the availability of blood at disaster sites or on the battlefield.

human blood,transfusion,anticoagulants,contamination

"Review on Artificial Blood", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 12, page no.273-275, December-2018, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1812844.pdf

"Review on Artificial Blood", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 12, page no. pp273-275, December-2018, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1812844.pdf