• RK Prajapati
• Mohd. Ayub Ansari

Protein synthesis inhibitors are a chemical compounds which either kills or inhibits the multiplication or proliferation of cells by disrupting the metabolism because formation of new proteins and/ or enzymes are stopped. Protein synthetic inhibitors antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis and so many different classes of compounds have been reported which protein are synthetic inhibitors antibiotics. These antibiotics possess different chemical structures and their spectrums of antimicrobial activities are different which belongs to the aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, polypeptides and others miscellaneous classes. Aminoglycosides are bactericidal while other classes of antibiotics in this group viz. macrolides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, are bacteriostatic protein-synthesis inhibitors. Many of them exhibit a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities as well have been found to be of low toxicities, so these drugs were overused and many of them which are highly susceptible bacterial species have become resistant. After a long continuous use of the aminoglycosides bacteria has become resistant to it and because of some inherent toxicity, their uses have declined. However, in the last decade, due to a better knowledge in the chemistry, biochemistry and better understanding about the mechanism and mode of action of aminoglycosides they are again used with a new trend of application. So, most of these drugs are now used for more selected targets. These antibiotics exert their antibacterial activity by targeting the bacteria ribosomes where bacterial protein syntheses take place. The mechanism of proteins synthesis in bacteria is not similar to human because bacterial cell contains 70S ribosomes (two subunits 30S and 50S) where as human cell contains 80S ribosomes. But antibiotics interact and target the bacterial 30S subunit of ribosome and inhibiting its function where protein synthesis is carried out. Streptomycin, the first antibiotics of family aminoglycosides discovered in 1944, was used to treat different types of diseases caused by the bacteria, e.g., tuberculosis( severe and moderate), pneumonia endocarditis, brucellosis, Burkholderia infection, plague, rat bite fever. In this review Antibiotics belonging to natural, semisynthetic aminoglycosides such as Gentamycin, Neomycin, Toramycin, Dibekacin, Amikacin, etc., their classification, structure, spectrum activities, and mechanism of action, comparative study and pharmacology have been described.

Aminoglycosides, macrolides, protein synthesis inhibitor, Streptomycin, aminosugars.

"Protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics–a review", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 2, page no.84-97, February-2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1902E91.pdf

"Protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics–a review", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 2, page no. pp84-97, February-2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1902E91.pdf