• Tapas Ghosh

Optical waveguide fabrication in lithium niobate is a beautiful art which is reviewed in this article. There are several methods to fabricate optical waveguide in lithium niobate such as Ti in-diffusion, proton exchange, periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide and laser light written like femtosecond laser, Continuous Wave Ultra Violet (CW UV) laser etc. Nano-waveguide in lithium niobate is also discussed in it. The main interest is recently developed fabrication processes such as CW UV written waveguide and it is analyzed by the effective index-based matrix method (EIMM). Most stable techniques such as Ti in-diffusion and proton exchange are discussed as a reference standpoint with modern advancement. As there is growing demand to minimize the size of the optical devices, nano-waveguide is also reviewed in this article.

Waveguide, CW UV written, femto-second laser written.

"Various Fabrication Techniques of Optical Waveguides in Lithium Niobate", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 4, page no.436-441, April-2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1904V13.pdf

"Various Fabrication Techniques of Optical Waveguides in Lithium Niobate", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 4, page no. pp436-441, April-2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1904V13.pdf