• ARPANA MISHRA
• SHILPA CHAUDHARY
• SMRITI SACHAN
• MUDITA VATS

This task conceiting of underground activity of Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN). UWSNs can be made to supervise the different conditions, such as soil characteristics for forming applications and toxic substances for environmental monitoring. Unlike existing methods of monitoring underground conditions, which rely on buried sensors connected via wire to the surface, WUSN devices are deployed completely belowground and do not require any wired connections. Each device contains all necessary sensors, memory, a processor, a radio, an antenna, and a power source. This makes their deployment much simpler than existing underground sensing solutions. Wireless communication within a dense substance such as soil or rock is, however, significantly more challenging than through air. This factor, combined with the necessity to conserve energy due to the difficulty of unearthing and recharging WUSN devices, requires that communication protocols be redesigned to be as efficient as possible. This work provides an extensive overview of applications and design challenges for WUSNs, challenges for the underground communication channel including methods for predicting path losses in an underground link, and challenges at each layer of the communication protocol stack.

Magnetic Induction, Electromagnetic waves, Propogation Characterstics

"Channel Designing for underground Wireless Sensor Network(UWSN)", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 5, page no.88-90, May-2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1905A13.pdf

"Channel Designing for underground Wireless Sensor Network(UWSN)", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 5, page no. pp88-90, May-2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1905A13.pdf