• Mrityunjoy Das Gupta
• Reetooparna Patowari Kakati

Alarming rate of increase in human population, consequently rapid increase in urbanization, increase in anthropogenic perturbations’ of the biosphere manifest in a broad array of global phenomena, including accelerated industrialization, intensive agricultural activities, extensive mining etc. This has in turn caused widespread contamination of soil and water bodies with different heavy metals. Chromium was first discovered in Siberian red ore (crocoites) in 1798 by the French Scientist Vauguelin . Chromium is the 17th most abundant element in the earth’s mantle(Arredainayagam et .al,2003),7th most abundant element in the earth’s crust (Katz and salem,1994)and the 6th most abundant transition metal (Mohan and Pittman,2006;Panda and Chowdhury,2005) and its molecular weight is 51.1g.It has gained lesser attention from the plant scientists because of its complex inorganic chemistry (Shankar et .al.,2005).It occur naturally as chromites (FeCr2O4)in ultramafic and serpentine rocks or complexed with other metals as crocoites(PbCrO4), bentorite Ca6(CrAl)2(SO4)3 and tarapacite (K2CrO4), vauquelimite (CuPb2CrO4PO4OH) among others (Babula et. al.,2008).Chromium can be detected in various oxidation states i.e. from-2 to +6(Cr2-,Cr1-,Cr0,Cr1+,Cr2+,Cr3+,Cr4+,Cr5+,Cr6+)Chromium among all oxidation states ,Cr 3+ and Cr6+ are the most stable and common in terrestrial and aquatic environment (Augustynowicz et .al., 2010,Santos et .al .,2009,Kimbrough 1999,Zayed et.al,1998)where as other oxidation states are unstable and short lived in biological system .The hexavalent form of the metal Cr (VI) is reported to be the more toxic and highly soluble in water than the relatively less reactive and less mobile .Cr (III) is mainly found in organic matter in soil and aquatic environment (Becquer et. al.,2003) Hexavalent Chromium compounds (mainly chromate,CrO42- and dichromate ,Cr2O72- are extensively used in diverse field of industry leading to environmental pollution and as a result growth and developments of plants are affected.

EFFECT OF CHROMIUM ON SEED GERMINATION, PLANT GROWTH AND METABOLISM.

"EFFECT OF CHROMIUM ON SEED GERMINATION, PLANT GROWTH AND METABOLISM.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 5, page no.2689-2709, May-2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1905U72.pdf

"EFFECT OF CHROMIUM ON SEED GERMINATION, PLANT GROWTH AND METABOLISM.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 5, page no. pp2689-2709, May-2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1905U72.pdf