• Dr. Angana Ghoshal

The source of vitamin B12 ranges from naturally occurring foods to dietary supplements. Ingredients that contain the action of vitamin B12 are called "cobalamins" as vitamin B12 contains the substance cobalt. The most effective metabolic forms of vitamin B12 are methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin. However, after conversion to methylcobalamin or 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin, two additional types, hydroxycobalamin and cyanocobalamin, are physically active. Vitamin B12 deficiency is very common in vegetarians and vitamin B12 deficiency affects about 20% of the elderly, with food-cobalamin malabsorption syndrome causing more than 60% of these deficiencies [1-4]. Due to severe cerebral palsy and life-threatening anemia caused by a deficiency of the internal factor, such people need treatment, which includes giving them vitamin B12. Due to severe cerebral palsy and life-threatening anemia caused by a deficiency of the internal factor, such people need treatment, which includes giving them vitamin B12. Anorexia nervosa, which is the only good source of vitamin B12, is a major cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in dedicated vegans. Vitamin B12 should be consumed at a rate of 2.4 g per day. Because between 10% and 30% of adults are unable to absorb vitamin B12 from the diet, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies in the United States recommends that people over the age of 50 eat B12-rich foods or supplements. This is because, despite stomach problems, high doses of vitamin B12 may cause improved absorption. Vitamin B12 deficiency was first recorded in 1849, and it was thought to be fatal until 1926, when a diet high in vitamin B12 was found to slow down the progression of the disease. Much is now being understood about the biochemistry of vitamin B12 and metabolism. Vitamin B12 deficiency was previously thought to be chronic and especially in devout vegetarians or people with severe anemia [5, 6]. Vitamin B12 has a diverse array of functions. It is a nutrient that helps to produce healthy red blood cells, aids in DNA formation and nourishes the brain and nervous system [5, 7]. Vitamin B12 also helps prevent megaloblastic anemia, a blood disorder that causes fatigue and weakness. Nutrients can be synthesized in the laboratory and are found naturally in meat, fish, and dairy products. Some people do not have the protein that helps absorb vitamin B12 in foods and supplements. Vitamin B-12 is needed to combine DNA, methionine resynthesis and methylation, as well as to prevent the formation of homocysteine. Vitamin B-12, in the form of 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin, is also required for the mitochondrial enzyme methylmalonyl CoA mutase, which converts Methylmalonyl CoA into Succinyl CoA, a step in the synthesis of odd-chain fatty acids and and ketogenic amino catabolism. acids. Despite the fact that vitamins can be found in a variety of foods, B12 deficiency and insufficiency are common. Limited diet, malabsorption, certain medical conditions, or the use of B12-reducing drugs are common causes. Deficiency is very common in the elderly because their ability to absorb B12 from the diet decreases with age. However, this does not mean that there is a possibility of B12 deficiency in children and adults, including those who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Unfortunately, B12 deficiency is often misdiagnosed and overlooked. This review discusses the different health effects of Vitamin B 12 based on the various available reports and findings.

Vitamin B 12 and its Health Impacts

"Vitamin B 12 and its Health Impacts", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 5, page no.878-886, May 2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1905W74.pdf

"Vitamin B 12 and its Health Impacts", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 5, page no. pp878-886, May 2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1905W74.pdf