• Prasad Subhash Kirtane
• Asha Shendge

— In a micro grid (MG), an energy management control is essential in order to handle the variety of prime movers, which may include different types of renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage systems (ESSs).Their intermittent behavior and limited storage capabilities present a new challenge to power system operators to maintain power quality and reliability. Additional technical complexity arises from the large number of small distributed generation units and their allocation within the power system. Market liberalization and changing regulatory frame-work lead to additional organizational complexity. As a result the design and operation of the future electric energy system have to be redefined. Sophisticated information and communication architectures, automation concepts, and control approaches are necessary in order to manage the higher complexity of so called Smart Grids. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art and recent developments enabling higher intelligence in future Smart Grids. The integration of renewable sources and storage systems into the power grids are analyzed. Energy management and demand response methods as well as important automation paradigms and domain standards are also reviewed. This paper introduces integrated research infrastructure that provides methods and tools for validating smart grid systems in a holistic, cyber-physical manner. The corresponding concepts are currently being developed further in the European project ERI Grid.

- Ancillary services, automation architectures, control concepts, demand response, demand side management, distributed generation, energy storage, inverters, micro-grid, Battery chargers, (PLS), voltage droop (VD) control.

"A Survey on Architectures and Electric Energy Systems", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no.266-272, June 2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1906I68.pdf

"A Survey on Architectures and Electric Energy Systems", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no. pp266-272, June 2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1906I68.pdf