• Pratima Malhotra
• Kanika Sharma

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are gradually transforming into an essential part of human lives. The low-power, low-cost and multifunctional sensor nodes in WSNs lead to their extensive real time sensing and monitoring applications. WSNs can be used efficiently and reliably in various hostile environments like forest fire, volcanic eruptions, flood and other hazard prone areas. Various communication protocols and routing protocols are developed to enhance the capabilities of WSNs by making them energy efficient and reducing the network lifetime and stability period. In this literature, review of the various state of the art heterogeneous routing protocols meant for harsh environments monitoring of WSNs is considered. We have reviewed Stable Election Protocol (SEP), Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Scheme (DEEC), Developed Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (DDEEC), and other state of the art heterogeneous routing protocols for harsh environment monitoring and analyzed them on basis of crucial parameters namely network lifetime, stability period and energy efficiency. This paper unveils a novel heterogeneous routing protocol “Multiple Gateway Nodes (MGN) based routing architecture (MRA)” that is most suitable for harsh environment monitoring based applications. MRA alleviate the stability period and network lifetime by employing MGNs outside of the network and maintaining lesser communicative distance between the gateway node and each of the cluster-head node. MRA also ameliorate hotspot problem in the network further enhancing the network’s efficiency by improving the packet delivery ratio (PDR).

Heterogeneous Networks; Routing Protocols, Wireless sensor networks, Forest Fire Detection

"A deep insight to heterogeneous routing protocols for harsh environment in Wireless Sensor Network", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no.565-570, June 2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1906L81.pdf

"A deep insight to heterogeneous routing protocols for harsh environment in Wireless Sensor Network", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no. pp565-570, June 2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1906L81.pdf