• Rameshboobathi
• N.Rajesh kannan

ABSTRACT The psychiatric manifestations of medically ill patients have been accredited for decades.. However COPD patients are really a challenge to the healthcare system, constituting a considerable proportion of persons with long-term diseases.. In recent years, attention has been focused on the results that COPD patients undergo distress like anxiety and depression. Earlier examinations have exposed with COPD, almost 50% of patients are ill from a clinical diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression(Bacon, Lavoie, & Laurin, 2012).Moreover, in patients who have been already diagnosed with COPD, the most important precautionary measure in hindering the decline of pulmonary function is stoppage of smoking (Scale, n.d.).Even though cigarette smoking is the prime risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have not been fully studied. Since cigarette smoking is found to be associated with both depression /anxiety disorders and COPD, it is also possible that the link in between is because of the mediation or confounding by cigarette smoking.Recently a study has revealed that over 65% of cigarettes are being used by persons with mental disorder.(Jenkins et al., 2012) There is also some evidence in the literature for a dose–response relationship between anxiety/depressive disorders and cigarette smoking.(Jenkins et al., 2012)) Since the major cause of this disease is exposure to cigarette smoke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is largely preventable.In view of the fact that the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an almost irreversible clinical condition, the aim of treatment in COPD patients is not to cure but to reduce the symptoms, increase their functioning capacity, and improve the quality of life of the patients(Article, 2002). Indeed depression is going to be a major load to the health care expenditure around the planet. (“Overseeing Anxiety and Depression in Patients) In brief, COPD is a chronic multisystem disorder with comorbities and cigarette smoking is a foremost danger factor for its occurrence. Interplay of several factors such as gender, educational, socioeconomic background, and marital status also do contribute to psychiatric co-morbidity like depression and anxiety in COPD. Unfortunately, neglected in COPD patients attending the outpatient department in our Indian set upThe following study is conducted to evaluate COPD patients attending general hospital outpatient department for the presence of depression and anxiety and several contributing risk factors

COPD, DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, SMOKING

"STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND ITS RELATION WITH SMOKING", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no.265-280, June 2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1906M38.pdf

"STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND ITS RELATION WITH SMOKING", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no. pp265-280, June 2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1906M38.pdf