• TAZYEEN AFSHAN

It is by now a well-known fact that a profound civilizational crisis was expressed by numerous artists and intellectuals all over Europe in the early 20th century. It could be characterized as a deep spiritual crisis, which expressed itself as a profound loss of faith in the hitherto unquestioned assumptions on which the modern Western Civilization has been founded: the belief in the reason, the growth of Democratic institutions, the expansion of science and technology, and the rule of law. The catastrophic experience of the First World War further intensified the feeling that the western Civilization was not just decadent but disintegrated. It was perceived to be marked by irreconcilable contradictions.

Democratic institutions,numerous artists and intellectuals ,Western Civilization

"A CONTRASTING STUDY OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THE LITERATURE OF HERMANN HESSE AND FRANZ KAFKA.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no.102-105, June 2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1906T14.pdf

"A CONTRASTING STUDY OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THE LITERATURE OF HERMANN HESSE AND FRANZ KAFKA.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no. pp102-105, June 2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1906T14.pdf