• Dr. Avnindra Kumar

ekS;Zdkyhu ¼322&185 bZlk iwoZ½ fo'kky ekS;Z lkezkT; ds 'kklu lapkyu ,oa mldh vfHko`f) esa xqIrpjksa dk Hkh FkkA fgeky; ls leqnz i;ZUr lglz ;kstu foLrh.kZ ex/k lkezkT; ds lq'kklu ds fy, ;g vko';d Fkk fd vius vekR;ksa] efU=;ksa] jktdeZpkfj;ksa] ikSj&tkuinksa vkSj tu&lk/kkj.kksa vkfn ij dM+h utj j[ksa tk,] mudh xfrfof/k;ksa vkSj euHkkoksa dk ifjKku izkIr djsa vkSj vUR; vkSj izR;Ur jkT;ksa ds ckjs esa lHkh lwpuk,¡ fu;fer izkIr djrs jgsA blfy, pUnzxqIr ds xq: lg iz/kkuea=h vkpk;Z dkSfVY; us xqIrpjksas dk lQy iz;ksx dj foftxh"kq jktk pUnzxqIr dh fot; vfHk;ku dk ekxZ iz'kLr fd;kA tks pUnzxqIr ds ijorhZ ekS;Z jktkvksa RkFkk vk/kqfud jk"Vª&jkT;kas ds fy, Hkh iFk izn'kZd cuk jgkA Hkkjrh; euhf"k;ksa esa dkSfVY; vius ^vFkZ'kkL=* esa ^xw<+iq:"k fu;ksx* uked v/;k; esa xqIrpjksa dk fo'kn o.kZu fd;k gSA blds vfrfjDr blesa vuasd lanHkks± esa Hkh xqIrpjksa dk mYys[k gqvk gSA dkSfVY; us xqIrpjksa dks nks oxksZa esa ck¡Vk gS] ftUgsa laLFkk vFkkZr~ LFkk;h xqIrpj vkSj lapkj vFkkZr~ ?kqeDdM+ xqIrpj dgk tkrk FkkA dkSfVY; bu lHkh xqIrpjksa dks ^xw<+iq:"k* ds uke ls lEcksf/kr fd;k gSA buds vuqlkj laLFkk ik¡p izdkj ¼dkifVd&Nk=] mnkfLFkr] x`gifrd] oSnsgd rFkk rkil½ ds vkSj lapkj pkj izdkj ¼lf=u~] rh{.k] jln rFkk fHk{kq.kh ;k ifjczkftdk½ ds gksrs gSA6 oSls bu laLFkk oxZ ds xqIrpjksa dks ^iaplaLFkk* Hkh dgk tkrk FkkA bl izdkj ekS;Z jkT; dk 'kklu O;oLFkk ,oa vUrjkZT;h; jktuhfr ds dq'ky lapkyu esa xqIrpj O;oLFkk dh tks :i&js[kk izkphu euhf"k;ksa esa vxzx.; dkSfVY; us vius vFkZ'kkL= esa izLrqr dh gS og vR;Ur gh mPp dksfV dh gSA ftldh izklafxdrk oÙkZeku ifjis{; esa vkt Hkh cuh gqbZ gSA jkT; o vUrjkZT;h; jktuhfr ds lapkyu ds fy, xqIrpjksa dh fu;qfDr bruk vko';d gks x;k gS fd yxHkx izR;sd fodflr o fodk'khy jkT; ,d&nwljs ds jkT; esa LFkk;h o vLFkk;h :i ls dj jgs gS] ftudk ml jkT; ls fdlh Hkh izdkj dk lEcU/k gksrk gSA ;|fi vkt ifjfLFkfr;k¡ fHkUu gS] vkSj bl {ks= esa mixzgksa dk egŸo dkQh c<+ x;k gS] jkW ,oa vkbZch& Hkkjr] vkbZ,lvkbZ& ikfdLrku] ,e,l,l& phu] ,Q,lch& :l] Mh,lbZ& Ýkal] ch,uMh& teZuh] ukbZpks& tkiku] ,evkbZ 6& fczVsu] lhvkbZ,& vesfjdk vkfn ,tsafl;ksa us bu xqIrpjksa ds Lo:iksa dk LFkku ys fy;k gS] fQj Hkh viuk izHkqÙo o opZLo LFkkfir djus ds fy, vk/kqfud jkT; dh tklwlh izo`fr;k¡ rRdkyhu euhf"k;ksa dh lkFkZdrk dks izekf.kr djrh gS ,oa O;kokgkfjd lEcU/kksa dk ekxZ&n'kZu djrh gSA

¬ekS;Zdkyhu xqIrpj, dkifVd&Nk= xqIrp, mnkfLFkr, x`gifrd, oSnsgd, rkil*, rh{.k, jln, fHk{kq.kh ;k ifjczkftdk, mHk;osru oxZ

"Mauryakaaleen Guptachar Vyavastha - Ek Aitihaasik Sarvekshan", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no.860-864, June 2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1906U15.pdf

"Mauryakaaleen Guptachar Vyavastha - Ek Aitihaasik Sarvekshan", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no. pp860-864, June 2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1906U15.pdf