• Chandrashekhar Kalyani
• Dr. Manjunatha S
• Swanand A. Ajgaonkar

A hydro chemical study has been carried out to assess the groundwater quality in Shalmala river sub-basin Dharwad district, Karnataka. About 45 groundwater samples from different locations in study area are collected. The aim of the study is to determine the suitability of water for drinking and domestic purposes. The physico-chemical parameter such as hydrogen ion concentration (pH), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Electrical conductivity (EC), Total hardness (TH), Cations like Calcium (Ca⁺⁺), Magnesium (Mg⁺⁺), Sodium (Na⁺), Potassium (K⁺) and Anions like Carbonate (CO3⁻⁻), Bi-carbonates (HCO3⁻), Chloride (Cl⁻), Sulphate (SO4⁻) and Nitrate (NO3⁻). The pH value ranges from 7.13 to 8.12 and average is 7.59. Therefore, all the groundwater samples are indicating faintly alkaline in nature and are suitable for drinking and domestic purposes. 96% of total hardness (TH) in the study area showing hard category consequently softening of water is recommended. The piper diagram illustrates that the 96% of groundwater samples in the study area are belonging to area 1 suggesting that water samples are alkaline earths exceeds alkalis. According to Gibbs (1970) classification it is illustrated that all the groundwater samples in the study area are representing rock dominance. All the groundwater samples are within the permissible limits as per WHO (2017).

"Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shalmala River Sub-Basin Dharwad District, Karnataka ", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no.557-567, June 2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1907382.pdf

"Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shalmala River Sub-Basin Dharwad District, Karnataka ", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no. pp557-567, June 2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1907382.pdf