• SANJAY KHANNA
• Dr. ARVIND KUMAR NAG

Under Ground water is the major source for various purposes in most parts of the world. Presence of low or high concentration of certain ions is a major issue as they make the ground water unsuitable for various purposes. Fluoride is one such ion that causes health problem create in human being in more than twenty country in the world. Fluoride concentration of at least 0.6 mg/l is required for human consumption as it will help to have stronger teeth and bones. Consumption of water with fluoride concentration above 1.5 mg/l results in acute to chronic dental fluorosis where the tooth become coloured from yellow to brown. Skeletal fluorosis which causes weakness and bending of the bones also results due to long term consumption of water containing high fluoride. Presence of low or high concentration of fluoride in ground water is because of natural or anthropogenic causes or a combination of both. Natural sources are associated to the geological conditions of an area. Several rocks have fluoride bearing minerals like apatite, fluorite, biotite and hornblende. The weathering of these rocks and infiltration of rainfall through it increases fluoride concentration in ground water. The improper disposal of fly ash on ground surface contributes to fluoride in ground water. Since ingestion of high fluoride has a long term Affect on human health it is essential to monitor its concentration in ground water used for drinking periodically and take steps to bring them within the permissible range of 0.6 to 1.5 mg/l. There are several methods available for the removal of fluoride from ground water. Dilute the groundwater contaminated with fluoride, artificial recharging structures can be built in suitable places which will decrease its concentration. Rainwater harvesting through existing wells also will prove effective to reduce the ground water fluoride concentration. Fluoride contamination being a prominent and widespread problem in several parts of the world and as causes for this are mostly natural and unpreventable, educating the people and de-fluorinating the groundwater before consumption are essential for a healthy world.

Groundwater. Fluoride, human health rainwater harvesting.

"RAINWATER HARVESTING IN FLOURIDE AFFECTED AREA NAWADA, BIHAR", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no.1035-1040, June 2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1907450.pdf

"RAINWATER HARVESTING IN FLOURIDE AFFECTED AREA NAWADA, BIHAR", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no. pp1035-1040, June 2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1907450.pdf