• N.N.Krishnaveni
• R.Ame Rayan

In our earth 75% covered by water that could be rivers and ocean also. The underwater sensor network are enabling technology and become more and more popular for monitoring large scale of area in oceans. Ocean bottom sensor nodes can be used for oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration and tactical surveillance applications. Moreover, Unmanned or Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (UUVs, AUVs), equipped with sensors, will find application in exploration of natural undersea resources and gathering of scientific data in collaborative monitoring missions. Underwater acoustic networking is the enabling technology for these applications. Underwater Networks consist of a variable number of sensors and vehicles that are deployed to perform collaborative monitoring tasks over a given area. In this paper, several fundamental key aspects of underwater acoustic communications are investigated. Different architectures for two-dimensional and three-dimensional underwater sensor networks are discussed, and the underwater channel is characterized. we also discussed the applications. The main challenges for the development of efficient networking solutions posed by the underwater environment are detailed at all layers of the protocol stack. Furthermore, open research issues are discussed and possible solution approaches are outlined.

Wireless Sensor Network, Acoustic, Underwater

"UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC SENSOR NETWORKS: ARCHITECTURE, APPLICATIONS & CHALLENGES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no.366-371, June 2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1907939.pdf

"UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC SENSOR NETWORKS: ARCHITECTURE, APPLICATIONS & CHALLENGES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 6, page no. pp366-371, June 2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1907939.pdf