• R. K. Kamble
• D. U. Gawai

Citric acid is one of the most significant organic acids having an ever ending demand in the world. The two most principal microbial sources are fungi and bacteria. But fungus remains the ideal sources for the production of citric acid. Aspergillus niger was the most commonly used fungus for the citric acid production due to its high yield and relatively high tolerance to the acid accumulation (Pandey P., 2013). It has been employed by many researchers and in many research studies, chiefly in solid-state fermentation (SSF), for its ability to live and grow in an environment analogous to its natural habitat. In the last 3 decades, solid-state fermentation (SSF) has gained great interest from researchers and industries as a complementary technique to the traditionally used submerged fermentation (SMF). The unique characteristics of solid-state fermentation, using solid materials, stimulated researchers to utilize the waste such as agro residual and agro industrial wastes, fruit waste as an substitute to raw materials for the citric acid production. Several advantages of Solid state fermentation over submerged fermentation have encouraged researchers to study and expand it, such as less risk of bacterial contamination, lower energy prerequisites and less environmental concerns regarding the disposal of solid waste (Sadia Javed, 2011).

Citric acid; Aspergillus niger; Orange Fruit Peel

"Effect of physical parameters on Citric Acid production by Aspergillus -niger ARU1 LC 541742 from Fruit Waste.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.7, Issue 6, page no.217-221, June-2020, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2006369.pdf

"Effect of physical parameters on Citric Acid production by Aspergillus -niger ARU1 LC 541742 from Fruit Waste.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.7, Issue 6, page no. pp217-221, June-2020, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2006369.pdf