Abstract
Our current work aims to investigate the life cycle of Drosophila and Metamorphosis Drosophila. Drosophila is a small fly from the family Drosophilidae and its members are often called “FRUIT FLIES”. The entire genus, however, contains roughly 1,500 species and have wide diversity in terms of appearance, behavior, and breeding habitat. One species of Drosophila in particular D. melanogaster, has been heavily used in research in genetics and is a common model organism in developmental biology. Basic genetic mechanisms are shared by most organisms. Therefore, it is only necessary to study the genetic mechanisms of a few organisms in order to understand how the mechanisms work in many organisms, including humans. Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly a little insect about 3mm long, is an excellent organism to study genetic mechanisms. The general principles of gene transmission, linkage, sex determination, genetic interactions; molecular, biochemical and developmental genetics, chromosomal aberrations, penetrance and expressivity, and evolutionary change may all be admirably demonstrated by using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Discrete genes regulated different aspects of development. Many of these genes turned out to be homologous to those involved in human development and disease. These genes had been conserved over millions of years of evolution and could be studied easily and rapidly in flies. This led to a boom in the field as more and more researchers saw the potential of flies for asking basic and applied questions, and to the development of ever cleverer molecular tools to address these questions. For example, chemical mutagenesis was used for many years to generate new mutations that were screened for interesting phenotypes, followed by careful genetic mapping, a chromosome walk, and finally gene cloning . Currently, the MiMIC transposon system is being applied to target all genes in the Drosophila genome, providing null mutations and a platform to land protein tagging, gene expression tracking.