• Humaib Nasir
• Sudipto Kumar Biswas
• Pial Sen
• Md Sumon Ahmed
• Subhojit Nath,Md Ekhtiar Uddin

: Tunnels are very important structures which are being used in various construction like in road, railway for defense purpose and laying of pipelines etc. Tunnels have different shapes based on their uses and the ground conditions and the availability of materials. All tunnels have various degrees of complexity depending on function and safety needs or the code requirements at the time of construction, but most tunnels employ one or many functional systems, such as lighting, ventilation, drainage, fire detectors and alarms, fire suppression, communications, and traffic control. With the limited access and confined conditions within a tunnel; the operation, maintenance and inspection of a tunnel must be thoroughly regimented to provide an adequate level of safety for the traveling public. Construction of different types of tunnels include some very basic operations or steps which are to be followed in sequence in order to build or to construct a tunnel. These are known as basic tunneling operations. This tunneling operations may differ in comparison to older times and this modern time. This paper provides information on Underwater Tunnels and various tunneling operations involved to make Underwater Tunnel and also provide information related to old methods of tunneling and new methods of tunneling using ultramodern technology. Some case studies are also there related to the modern technology which are used on Underwater Tunnel construction. Many Underwater Tunnel structures have been experiencing water leakages worldwide. Tunnel structures experiencing water leakages are not only old, but also new in some case. The Concrete Tunnels structures located underwater are generally protected by waterproof membranes as the first defense to prevent water leakages and rebar corrosion. However, once water leakage occurs, the corrosion mechanism is quite different from other concrete structures which are exposed to marine or de-icing salt environments.

Underwater Tunnels, Tunneling Operations, Modern Tunneling Operations

"DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF UNDER WATER TUNNEL (By using Rocscience Phase 2 V8 software)", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.8, Issue 4, page no.1016-1026, April-2021, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2104339.pdf

"DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF UNDER WATER TUNNEL (By using Rocscience Phase 2 V8 software)", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.8, Issue 4, page no. pp1016-1026, April-2021, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2104339.pdf