• Pavithra M J
• Chamaraju Y S

India is largely an agricultural country, with about 159.7 million hectares of farmland. Agriculture is vital to the country’s economy, contributing around 18% to the national GDP. However, farmers face many challenges, especially from plant diseases and pests, which can lower crop yields and affect their income. Detecting plant diseases early is very important, as it allows quick action like using pesticides or other protective steps. This study introduces an automated system that helps detect diseases in plant leaves using image processing and machine learning. The method starts by improving the images using steps like adjusting brightness (histogram equalization), removing noise, and applying color filters. Then, key features from the leaf images are collected using techniques like Haralick textures, Hu moments, and color histograms. These features are used to train different machine learning models such as Logistic Regression, Linear Discriminant Analysis, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine. To test the models well, a method called K-fold validation is used, which checks the model's performance in multiple rounds. Two setups were used for testing: one using original images and another using segmented images. Adding segmentation improved the accuracy by 2.19%. The Random Forest model gave the best results, reaching an average accuracy of 97.92% for classifying 30 disease types across five plant species. This system shows great promise for early, accurate disease detection, which can help farmers protect their crops, improve yield, and support sustainable farming.

Plant disease detection, image processing, machine learning, leaf segmentation, feature extraction, Random Forest

"AUTOMATED DETECTION OF PLANT LEAF DISEASES USING MACHINE LEARNING AND IMAGE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.8, Issue 4, page no.82-90, April-2021, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2104440.pdf

"AUTOMATED DETECTION OF PLANT LEAF DISEASES USING MACHINE LEARNING AND IMAGE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.8, Issue 4, page no. pp82-90, April-2021, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2104440.pdf