• Poulami Banerjee Das
• Dr. Jayita Guha Niyogi

Abstract: In India, the urban areas stand far away from the sustainability measures in the context of mobility. The main challenge of Indian cities is the high pace of urbanization and inadequate preparedness to combat the population influx. For Indian cities, the transportation lifelines are suffering from chronic ailments of constricted entry points, narrow sections, disparity with landuse zones and overall planning deficiencies contributing to suffocating traffic volume when the city is fully functional. In addition to inadequate road sections, inadequate transit facility and unsure of sustenance in the new satellites, have prompted in rise in self-driven traffic volume, making the riding condition even worse. In Kolkata, one of the main reasons of slow traffic dispersion is allowing a mixed bag of traffic on all urban roads. In such scenario, the very definition of the paratransit loses ground, when they compete with the high-volume fast-moving transit modes on arterial roads, delimiting their speed and encroaching on their share of revenue. This ultimately leads to time wastage for passengers, depriving and destabilizing transit workers and bus owners, less number of trips per vehicle and fall in fuel efficiency and corresponding rise in air pollution due to incomplete burning of fossil fuel, rendering the entire system unsustainable and vulnerable. This paper would access the contribution of paratransit towards sustainable mobility and a sincere attempt would be made to suggest traffic management tools and strategies to integrate the transit vehicles and paratransit modes, with a special focus on Kolkata.

urban sprawl, transportation network, mass transit, paratransit, sustainable

"PARATRANSITS OR INTERMEDIATE TRANSITS: A BOON OR BANE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY IN KOLKATA", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.8, Issue 5, page no.f612-f625, May-2021, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2105747.pdf

"PARATRANSITS OR INTERMEDIATE TRANSITS: A BOON OR BANE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY IN KOLKATA", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.8, Issue 5, page no. ppf612-f625, May-2021, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2105747.pdf