• Dr. Usharani B.

The urban poor suffer disproportionately from the lack of adequate sanitation. A sanitation system needs to perform the following: collect and isolate human waste, safely transmit this waste, and then treat this waste before reusing it or letting it out in the environment. Urban settlements offer different challenges regarding planning and the implementation of improved urban services. Urban areas, especially the fast-growing non-tenured informal settlements, differ significantly from poor rural areas. A functional toilet performs only a few of these functions: collection and isolation, temporary storage in the case of on-site systems, and partial treatment. Without concomitant attention to safe waste collection and disposal, “improved toilets” will not necessarily lead to improved health outcomes – given the multiple routes through which fecal exposure takes place. The paper presents the observed details about the urban sanitation in India. The areas of settlements belonging to different communities as scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and Muslim habitations should not be excluded directly or indirectly. It is important to highlight that the health risks arising due to lack of sanitation facilities.

: urban sanitation; human waste; improved toilets; health risks; communities

"A STUDY ON COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN URBAN SANITATION PROGRAMME IN KARNATAKA", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.8, Issue 5, page no.f699-f703, June-2021, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2105758.pdf

"A STUDY ON COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN URBAN SANITATION PROGRAMME IN KARNATAKA", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.8, Issue 5, page no. ppf699-f703, June-2021, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2105758.pdf