Abstract
Cancer is characterized by an uncontrolled division of cells, which spread to distant sites of the body and cause severe health consequences. External factors like tobacco consumption, alcohol abuse, chemicals, infectious agents, and radiation along with internal factors like hormones, immune conditions, inherited mutations, and mutations occurring in metabolism can cause DNA mutation in normal cells, resulting in cancer initiation and development [1]. According to WHO data, Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally [2]. On 14th December 2020, IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) released the updated Globocan with new estimates on the global cancer burden, indicating that it rose to 19.3 million cases and 10 million cancer deaths in 2020 [3]. The most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide are those of the lung (1.8 million, 12.6% of the total), breast (1.7 million, 11.9%), colorectal (1.4 million, 9.8%), and prostate (1.1 million, 7.7%) cancers [4]. Currently available cancer treatments are not permanent, but aid to contain the spread of the disease. Treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation and invasive operations are painful and come with significant side effects. It exerts tremendous physical, emotional and financial strain on individuals, families, communities, and health systems. With increasing cancer cases and resistance to anti-cancer drug regimens are emerging, research and development of new powerful cancer treatments have become extremely crucial for the next decades. This paper aims at reviewing Pyrido-carbazole and Indolo[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives which exhibit promising anti-cancer properties these hold the potential to change the façade of the cancer treatment and cancer drug industry.