• Priyank Srivastava
• A.K.Singh

One of the most influential solar transients, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) play a decisive role in dealing with solar dynamics. CMEs are the main agents responsible for spatial weather fluctuations and related phenomena. The geo-effectiveness of the CMEs has a significant impact on the terrestrial climate. Owing to the diversity of shapes and the difficulty of the progression of time, the detection and calculation of CMEs remain challenging. As a result, looking at the feasibility of the variable, we analyzed the regular fluctuations of the total, northern and southern components of sunspot numbers observed between 1996-2020 and compared the solar activity trend for solar cycles 23 and 24. We deduced that solar activity was lower in solar cycle 24 than in cycle 23. We have also examined some observational properties such as the central positioning angle (CPA) and the measuring positioning angle (MPA) of all observed CMEs, angular width, variations in angular width with CMEs linear speed, variations of linear speed, acceleration, variations in the linear speed with acceleration, kinetic energy and ejected mass for observed CMEs during solar cycle 23 and 24. Based on these analyses, we inferred that while the number of CMEs observed in the 24th solar cycle (16680) was higher relative to CMEs observed during the 23rd solar cycle (13640), the solar activity decreased in cycle 24 and this could be correlated with the reduced geo-effectiveness of CMEs observed during cycle 24. The intensity of the flare in optical or X-rays does not accurately predict the intensity of the resulting geomagnetic activity. C and M class flares can be associated with intense storms (Dst <-100 nT). The initial speed of CMEs and geomagnetic activity was found to have a moderate and negative Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.66. This correlation suggests that the prediction of geo-effectiveness is associated with the initial speed of halo CMEs. Thus, based on the number of sunspots and the study of the observational properties of CMEs and their occurrence as well as geo-effectiveness; we concluded that the solar cycle 24 was weakly active in contrast with the solar cycle 23, and also that there was a diminishing pattern in solar activity.

Solar cycles; Solar activity; Sunspot numbers; Coronal mass ejections; Geomagnetic Storms

"Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and their geo-effectiveness during Solar Cycles 23 and 24: a comparative analysis of observational properties ", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.8, Issue 12, page no.b123-b137, December-2021, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2112117.pdf

"Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and their geo-effectiveness during Solar Cycles 23 and 24: a comparative analysis of observational properties ", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.8, Issue 12, page no. ppb123-b137, December-2021, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2112117.pdf