• Naveena Dinodia

Abstract The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020), introduced by the Government of India, represents a historic and transformative shift in the Indian education system. With a future-oriented approach, the policy emphasizes multidisciplinary learning, scientific temper, technology-enabled education, competency-based curricula, and the integration of digital tools across learning environments. Given the accelerating technological advancements and global emphasis on STEM/STEAM education, NEP 2020 provides a framework for making India’s learners competitive in a knowledge-based society. This paper critically examines NEP 2020 with an exclusive focus on Science and Technology (S&T) education, synthesizing scholarly literature published up to 2021. It explores the policy’s objectives, pedagogical reforms, Digital India initiatives, role of computational and experiential learning, teacher training, infrastructural challenges, and systemic disparities affecting implementation. The paper highlights major opportunities, including integration of artificial intelligence (AI), virtual laboratories, research foundations, and innovation ecosystems, while also discussing challenges such as resource inequality, teacher readiness, rural-urban digital divides, funding issues, and curricular overload. The review concludes that while NEP 2020 has laid the groundwork for a robust and technologically empowered education ecosystem, successful transformation will depend on long-term investments, holistic implementation, equitable resource allocation, and the strengthening of institutional capacity. Recommendations for policymakers, educators, and researchers are provided along with directions for future research.

NEP 2020, science education, technology integration, STEM, STEAM, digital learning, policy analysis, educational reform.

"Impact of India’s National Education Policy 2020 on Science and Technology Education: A Comprehensive Critical Review", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.8, Issue 12, page no.g57-g62, December-2021, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2112606.pdf

"Impact of India’s National Education Policy 2020 on Science and Technology Education: A Comprehensive Critical Review", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.8, Issue 12, page no. ppg57-g62, December-2021, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2112606.pdf