Abstract
Dye waste water is the big concern from Industries after discharges high amount of water, it's effective from aquatic life to humans. Most parts of textile industrial dye impact to the environment like allergic reaction, respiratory, skin problems, irritation to mucous membrane and the upper respiratory tract have to the fore. In the textile sector, intoxicated dye chemicals are surrounded, it is problem for workers who do their job in this process. After the process, approximately 10 – 15 % dye is released into the environment. So, it is necessary to do the degrade dye and maintain TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) of water its necessary. In AOP (Advance oxidation process) gained attention in past decades, in photocatalyst is the simple activity to degrade dye by breaking rigid bond structure with suitable spinel. Tracking such parameters pH, irradiation time, initial dye concentration, contact time etc.
Ferrite spinel gained huge attention due to their wide application area from biomedical to wastewater treatment, pharmaceuticals, biomedical, electronic devices, and photocatalyst etc. The common ferrite spinal formula is M-Fe2O4 where M is Fe, Co, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Ni. Spinel Ferrite can be synthesized by conventional methods i.e., Sol-gel methods, Co-precipitation, Hydrothermal, which are slow and need more equipment facilities while the Microwave solution combustion (MSC) method is the promising method for the catalytic activity or any solid material. This method is fast, energy-efficient and needs lesser equipment than any others i.e., Sol-gel or Co-precipitation.
Herein microwave solution combustion method is reviewed in detail with insight into the effect of parameters. In this process, microwave irradiation is used to keep precursors at an excited state and make them highly reactive. Normally 2.45 GHz frequency microwave is used for this process. As this process is a solvent-free process. The most commonly used metal sources are nitrates of metals and fuel precursors are urea, L-arginine, glycerol etc. Urea is the most commonly used fuel because it gives less particle size. Different parameters such as fuel to oxidizer ratio, irradiation time, power of microwave and temperature and pressure can be optimized to get faster and better yield. This process does not need further calcination unlike sol-gel and co-precipitation but needs several items of washing with ethanol or n-butanol for purification of the final product. Finally, Characterize the sample by SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA, BET.
Though it is a novel process, in the end, it generates a large volume of gases produced during the combustion process. And this process can be used only for laboratory purposes till yet and some research is awaited.