• Eshworth Wanguwa
• Sudeep Asthana

About 70% of the surface of the earth is covered with water. Astoundingly, only 3% is fresh water, which is because of the global problem of water pollution (Ivanova et al., 2016). Water pollution occurs when harmful substances, usually chemicals and microorganisms, invade a water body. A significant group of chemical pollutants is toxic heavy metals. Heavy metal ions threaten flora and fauna, and several methods have been devised to eliminate them. Several accustomed methods are currently being employed to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater. For instance, ion exchange, chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, and adsorption using activated carbon (Gunatilake, 2015). However, these techniques have certain drawbacks, such as cost inefficiency, high energy consumption, and they are not reliable when the heavy metal ion concentration is low. Biosorption is an alternative method and is environmentally friendly compared to conventional methods (Ivanova et al., 2016). In simple terms, biosorption is the removal or binding of substances from a solution using bio-derived materials termed biosorbents (Yu et al., 2020). Although several biosorbents can remove heavy metals from wastewater, this review pays particular attention to agricultural waste biomass. Biomass is the mass of living organisms that constitute microorganisms, plants, animals, fats, sugars, proteins, and cellulose from a biochemical standpoint (Houghton, 2008). This review aims to understand the latest developments and the future outlook in applying biosorption to remove heavy metal ions using agricultural waste biomass.

Biosorption; biomass; heavy metals; agricultural waste; biosorbent.

"Biosorption of heavy metals from wastewater using agricultural waste biomass.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 2, page no.d476-d489, February-2022, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2202367.pdf

"Biosorption of heavy metals from wastewater using agricultural waste biomass.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 2, page no. ppd476-d489, February-2022, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2202367.pdf