• Jamal Azmat
• Simeen Usmani
• Rahida Hilal
• Farah Nafees
• Iqbal Aziz

Introduction- Many non-cardiac conditions that have been reported to mimic ischemic heart disease both clinically and with ECG changes, such as cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and pneumonits. There can be different ECG changes such as non –specific T –wave inversion or ST segment depression. Awareness of these different changes is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and to avoid unnecessary investigations and may lead to inappropriate cardiac management and delay in surgery Aim and objective - To evaluate the cholecysto- cardiac link in biliary tract disease, to observe the ECG changes in per-operative & postoperative phase. Material and Method- A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted in A.K.Tibbiya College & Hospital over a period of one year. 50 patients with symptomatic gall bladder disease were included in the study. All patients underwent open cholecystectomy. Pre and post – operative ECG and changes while holding Gall bladder neck were observed. Result- Out of 50 patients of ECG changes in the pre operative period 24 had sinus tachycardia, 7 had Sinus Bradycardia, and 15 had T wave inversion /flattening i.e. having ischemic changes (5 inferior wall, 3 anteroinferior wall, 5 anterior, one inferolateral wall and one anterolateral wall ischemia). One patient had arrhythmia, one had Ectopics and one had LPFB, one had counter clockwise rotation Among 50 patients 19 had sinus tachycardia, 7 patients had Bradycardia, T wave inversion in 6 patient, ST segment elevation in 5 patient & 2 patients had ectopics pre-operatively. During Intraoperative period, at the time of holding gall bladder neck 29 patients developed badycardia, 6 patients had T wave inversion & 5 had ST segment Elevation. After removal of Gall Bladder only 3 patients remains with sinus bradycardia, 4 with T wave inversion and only 1patient had Ectopics. After 3 month only one patient had T wave inversion. Conclusion- All the patients with non-specific ECG changes and T wave inversion are not necessarily case of cardiac disease. Most of these ECG changes either disappeared or remain static in the post operative period without consequent cardiac complications; which reflects that not all ECG changes are clinically significant.

Cholecystectomy; Spinal Anasthesia; ECG Changes;

"ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES DURING BILIARY TRACT SURGERY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING OPEN CHOLECYSTECTOMY UNDER SPINAL ANESTHESIA", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 4, page no.h385-h391, April-2022, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2204749.pdf

"ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES DURING BILIARY TRACT SURGERY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING OPEN CHOLECYSTECTOMY UNDER SPINAL ANESTHESIA", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 4, page no. pph385-h391, April-2022, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2204749.pdf