• Dr. Surender Kumar

Three distinct categories comprised the Mughals' effective military structure: the regular standing army, the provincial army, and regional or local forces. Provincial forces comprised subordinate zamindar contingents that were mobilised for military objectives in times of conflict, whereas high-ranking officials were required to adhere to specific principles. Regional forces consisted of infantry, cavalry, and other armaments designated as mandates for the Mahals and Sarkars in Ain-i-Akbari. Cavalry, which held a distinct position in Europe by virtue of their swiftness and mobility, was the most spectacular element of the Mughal military apparatus. The Mansabdari system was a model cavalry organisation in Europe, distinguished by the horse-riding army's position. During the Mughal period, the substandard quality of the Indian horse breed necessitated the importation of horses from Kabul, Khuran, and Iran, which demonstrated the most exceptional standard among Indian horses. Their speciality was Mughal artillery, which Babur introduced to India first and improved periodically thereafter. A multitude of artillery installations were constructed, including the Sherdahad and Fatehlaskar, which were purposefully engineered as waggons to optimise both usability and convenience. A multitude of scholars, such as Lieutenant Colonel Gautam Sharma, Captain B.N. Maliwal, Major Shaimlal, and Major R.C. Kulshreshtha, have collectively recognised that the Mughal Empire, with the exception of Turkey, possessed artillery capabilities that were unparalleled. The Mughal Empire maintained a naval contingent under the command of Amir-ul-Bahr, or Admiral. This individual was tasked with various responsibilities, including ensuring the availability of elephant-carrying vessels, appointing skilled seamen with the ability to forecast sea temperatures, guarding rivers, and overseeing the imposition, execution, and remission of duties and equipment. From seafaring lineages, mariners were enlisted, and naval batteries were constructed. Shipbuilding received considerable emphasis in the regions of Allahabad, Lahore, Kashmir, Bengal, and Thatta, all of which were located on the banks of the Indus, throughout the Great Mughal Empire.

Military Organization, Mughal Empire, Cavalry, Mughal Navy.

"A Study of the Mughal Emperor's Military Organisation and How it Played a Major Role in the Consolidation of the Empire", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 4, page no.i466-i470, April-2022, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2204858.pdf

"A Study of the Mughal Emperor's Military Organisation and How it Played a Major Role in the Consolidation of the Empire", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 4, page no. ppi466-i470, April-2022, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2204858.pdf