• T.SURYANARAYANA PROFESSOR
• Mr. Addis Seid

Gem mineralextractionactivities have been practiced widely in prospected area. Primitive opal gem mining by caving become source of livelihood and employment for many landless and unemployed citizens and important source of hard currency. This work was initiated to assess the status of miners and evaluate resulting impacts on environments in WegelTena. Approach methods including field observations, interviews, discussions, and reviewing of existed evidences were employed. From analyzed data the majority of the miners were adults, unemployed, and landless. They practiced old methods and arbitrary approaches to dig and access the opal gem from subsurface which leads to an inevitable natural resource’s degradations. Land disturbances and severe soil erosion, vegetation and biodiversity lose were the serious threats primitive mining method. The local communities have to come up with toothed and sustainable strategies to make it environmentally friendly with optimum benefits. Further studies were also recommended on impact of primitive mining on loss and gain balance for future society.

primitive, opal, impact, mining

"Primitive way of Opal Mining and its Impact on Environments Case study in WegelTena, Wollo, Ethiopia.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 5, page no.c918-c925, May-2022, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2205418.pdf

"Primitive way of Opal Mining and its Impact on Environments Case study in WegelTena, Wollo, Ethiopia.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 5, page no. ppc918-c925, May-2022, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2205418.pdf