• Rehnuma Nasir
• Nazish Siddiqui

Plants have been used to treat and prevent ailments since prehistoric times, one of the most important sources of medication is plants, and about 80% of the world's population is using medicinal plants as a source of fibre and as a source of medicine. Unani drugs are of keen interest for research in many aspects including prophylactic role, efficacy in diverse diseases and safety. Recent study is was aimed to evaluate the safety parameters of Gul-e-Ghafis (Gentiana kurroo royle) a very common unani drug used in inflammation and bitter tonic. WHO has mandatory to do safety study of herbal drug and food items before performing any experiments as per their guidelines. It comprises determination of heavy metals, aflatoxin, pesticidal residue, microbial load. Study reveals the presence of heavy metal, lead, mercury cadmium and arsenic within normal limit as per WHO guidelines while aflatoxin, pesticide and microbial load was found to be absent in crude drug sample. It can be said that Ghafis is free from toxicity and used safely for human use.

ailments, Gul-e-Ghafis, bitter tonic, aflatoxin, arsenic

" Safety study of a single Unani drug: Gul-e-Ghafis (Gentiana kurroo royle)", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 5, page no.h185-h194, May-2022, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2205824.pdf

" Safety study of a single Unani drug: Gul-e-Ghafis (Gentiana kurroo royle)", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 5, page no. pph185-h194, May-2022, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2205824.pdf