Abstract
Adulthood is the most pivotal period of life, yet one of the most vulnerable times for physical ailments. It is a condition of being fully grown or mature which is characterized by age-related changes based on many factors such as molecular and cellular changes, lack of physical exercise and poor diet. Adult is a person who has attained the age of majority and is therefore regarded as independent, self-sufficient, and responsible.
According to recent statistics India’s population is estimated at 1.35 billion based on the most recent UN data of 2018. Approximately 65.9% percent of the world’s population is within the age group of 15-64 years. An overall adult population constitutes nearly 64.3 percent of the total population of India (Population census, 2011). Now the world has a population of about seven billion. In the last few decades, the world has seen a changing pattern of disease profile shifting towards the chronic non- communicable diseases from communicable diseases. WHO has already stated that the non-communicable diseases have emerged as a big threat globally, more in the developing countries. In the recent years, there has been developments in the economic as well as in the demographic patterns which has lead to a shift from diseases caused by poverty towards life style related, chronic non communicable diseases. So, the developing countries bear an extra burden of non-communicable diseases above the existing burden of communicable, infectious diseases. Non-communicable disease is a chronic condition or disease that does not result from an acute infectious process and hence are not communicable. NCDs can refer to chronic diseases which last for long periods of time and progress with the characteristics
Of complex etiology, multiple risk factors, long latency period, non-contagious origin prolonged course of illness, functional impairment or disability. Non-communicable diseases include cardiovascular diseases, renal diseases, arthritis, respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, chronic neurologic disorders, musculoskeletal diseases, permanent results of accidents, blindness, cancer, diabetes (type I, II), obesity, mental illness, dental disorders and various metabolic disorders. Among them there are four major types of non- communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, stroke, coronary heart diseases and rheumatic heart diseases), diabetes (type I, II), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (emphysema, asthma, chronic bronchitis) and cancer (lung cancer, cervical cancer and breast cancer), which are grouped by WHO.