Abstract
Plant-based beverages have grown in popularity over the past decade among consumers looking for healthier and more environmentally friendly alternatives to typical dairy drinks. Those who are lactose intolerant, have hypercholesterolemia, or are allergic to regular milk like these beverages. Despite the additional sugar and low total protein consumption, plant-based milk substitutes are a fantastic alternative since they include phenolic compounds, unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidant activity, and bioactive ingredients like phytosterols and isoflavones. Almond, cashew, coconut, hazelnut, peanut, sesame, soy, tiger nut, oat, rice, hemp, and walnut are just a few of the plant-based milk substitutes covered in this overview. It also discusses their health advantages. Our comprehensive approach, which presents 4 various plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs) production methods, makes this review unique. Although PBMAs fall short of covering the nutritional profile of cow’s milk, enrichment via additives and PBMAs blends is being researched to improve their composition. Most physicochemical characteristics of PBMAs are similar to those of cow's milk. However, as the resultant products' gel formation, water holding capacity, texture, and viscoelastic qualities are subpar, PBMA's technical applications still require enhancement. The key challenges in PBMAs relate to improving stability and reducing antinutrients, off-tastes, and allergies. Emerging technology-based PBMAs treatment appears to assist in overcoming these difficulties.