• Dr. Ujwala Jadhav
• Ankita Rajeshirke
• Preeti Kumari

The development of the chemical indicators could be considered as one of the contributing factors to the tremendous increase in water pollution over past 10 years. Phenolphthalein commonly used as a Chemical indicator of industrial effluents is directly discharged in riverine sources which pollute Mumbai and its surrounding areas during rainy seasons as it percolates in ground waters. Such chemical indicators are prepared in organic solvents which are insoluble in water and have deteriorating effects on the environment and aquatic life. To clean the polluted water with natural plant-based sources like utilization of Brassica oleracea (Red cabbage) and Curcuma longa (Turmeric) extract as Natural indicators, as they are readily soluble in water & this new method can be implemented without any side effects on aquatic life. During the investigation period, it was observed that the lipid content of Danio rerio treated with Phenolphthalein reduced from 4% to 2.23% as compared to 4.80% & 4.81% in the zebra fish treated with Red-cabbage, Turmeric extract respectively. The maximum carbohydrate content found in Danio rerio treated with Red cabbage and Turmeric extract was 3.22%, 3.31% which was significantly high from the Phenolphthalein treated Danio rerio with 1.98%. Phenolphthalein also showed undesirable and negative effects on water quality by raising Biological oxygen demand, Total hardness, Acidity and by lowering Dissolved oxygen, Alkalinity & pH respectively. Indicator analysis by HPLC & IR further identified 20 types of different Anthocyanins in Red cabbage; three Curcuminoids such as Curcumin, Demethoxy Curcumin & Bis demethoxy curcumin were also obtained. High amount of Phthalic anhydride, Phenol and Stannic chloride were detected from HPLC & IR. Thus, natural indicators which are eco-friendly, economical, low cost can be considered as a better option for safeguarding of water quality and also efficient to replace the conventional chemical indicators. The increased acceptability of natural indicators over chemical indicators has focused the attention for practicing it on larger scale. It is also helpful to rear a very popular model organism like zebra fish inhabiting in the polluted water of Mumbai and surrounding suburban region.

Brassica oleracea, Curcuma longa, Phenolphthalein, Danio rerio, Water quality, Anthocyanin.

"Outcome of natural indicators Brassica oleracea (Red cabbage), Curcuma longa (Turmeric) extract and Chemical indicator Phenolphthalein on freshwater Zebrafish (Danio rerio) of Mumbai suburban region", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 10, page no.b671-b683, October-2022, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2210194.pdf

"Outcome of natural indicators Brassica oleracea (Red cabbage), Curcuma longa (Turmeric) extract and Chemical indicator Phenolphthalein on freshwater Zebrafish (Danio rerio) of Mumbai suburban region", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.9, Issue 10, page no. ppb671-b683, October-2022, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2210194.pdf