• Rahul Ranjan
• Prof. Ashish Bhargava

There are moments of peak load, which is excess demand, and other times of off-peak load, which is less demand than the power generated, depending on the quantity of power generated in the grid by its sources and the demand. This is where V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) technology for electric vehicles comes into play. Smart technologies that enable communication between EVs and the grids are in place to ensure the smooth operation of V2G. Around six ranges of the battery SOC are considered for this purpose. If the battery is completely degradable or completely discharged, the Soc is 0 to 10% and the extraction of current from grid case is high in this scenario. The power is 2.5 kW as shown. Similarly, another case of SOC between 10% to 30%, power is taken as 2.4 kW and further reduces as SOC goes high. This complete operation is done in BMS. In BMS the SOC is sensed typically and power reference is given accordingly and current is calculated. Three sensors are being used, the SOC, battery voltage and mode. The mode is 1 for charging and 0 for the discharging mode. The output is the battery reference which is the current reference given as the reference to the bidirectional DC-DC converter controller. For the battery charging operation, the battery current is positive and in the discharging operation battery current is negative. In both cases the DC output voltage, which is regulated by the rectifier is balanced to the 200V. Also, the battery voltage changes as the discharging mode operate. A grid current and grid voltage are stable in the fraction of time and improving the performance of the operation.

Transform-less, Electric Vehicle, Vehicle to Grid, Bidirectional, DC-DC Converter

"Bidirectional Transformer-less Electric Vehicle Charging with V2G Application", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 3, page no.b690-b695, March-2023, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2303189.pdf

"Bidirectional Transformer-less Electric Vehicle Charging with V2G Application", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 3, page no. ppb690-b695, March-2023, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2303189.pdf